What Are The Various Diagnostic Tests For Female Infertility?

An evaluation for infertility in a woman is better to be done for those who have not become pregnant in the last 12 months or 1 year despite having regular and unprotected intercourse. For women over the age of 35, the evaluation is appropriate after six months of the same or for women who have the following medical conditions.

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• Irregular menstrual cycles ( more than 35 days or no periods at all)
• Problems, either known or suspected, with the uterus, tube or other issues in the abdominal cavity such as adhesions or endometriosis.
• Suspected or known male problems.

Following are the tests that may be recommended as a part of the infertility evaluation. Male Partner Semen Analysis: A semen analysis gives information on their number, movement, as well as the shape of the sperm. Although the male has fathered a child before, it is essential for a male to take this test.

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

This test is an X-ray procedure that lets the doctor check if the fallopian tubes are open and also to see if the uterine cavity is in its normal shape. The process involves insertion of a catheter that transports a liquid containing iodine or contrast into the cervix opening through the vagina. This contrast, after entering, outlines the length of the tubes and spills out the ends if open.

Transvaginal Ultrasonography

An ultrasound probe is placed in the vagina that will help the clinician to check the ovaries and the uterus for any abnormalities such as ovarian cysts or fibroids. Ovarian Reverse Testing: This test helps the clinician analyze if the woman can produce an egg(s) of good quality and if the ovaries are responding well to the hormonal signals sent by the brain.

Some of the standard tests done for ovarian reverse are Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH), blood tests like estradiol, antimüllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin-B, and transvaginal ultrasound.

Blood Tests

Tests for thyroid are done which may sometimes be the cause of infertility, menstrual irregularities, and repeated miscarriages. Blood tests for total testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), 17-α hydroxyprogesterone are to be considered.

Urinary Luteinizing Hormone (LH): This test can be done with the help of over-the-counter ovulation prediction kits as well. It checks for the presence of LH in the urine and can detect a rise in it two days prior to ovulation.

Unlike blood progesterone tests, urinary LH tests can predict ovulation before it even occurs. However, the tests are comparatively expensive and should only be used by a woman whose menstrual cycles are consistent (25-30 days in length).

Sonohysterography

This test procedure involves filling the uterus with a salt solution (saline) and then uses a transvaginal ultrasound. It helps in detecting intrauterine problems such as fibroids and endometrial polyps solely with the help of transvaginal ultrasound. It is an alternate to HSG.

Hysteroscopy

A hysteroscope – a lighted telescope-like instrument is used in this surgical procedure. This instrument is passed through the cervix to see the inside of the uterus. This test can help in diagnosing and treating abnormalities or irregularities inside the uterine cavity such as fibroids, polyps, and adhesions or scam tissues.

Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure in which an instrument that is like a telescope (laparoscope) is used. The instrument is inserted into the pelvic cavity through the wall of the abdomen.

This test helps in evaluating the pelvic cavity for pelvic adhesions, endometriosis, and other irregularities. However, laparoscopy is not the first option that is considered when it comes to testing due to its expensiveness and a potential surgical risk.

The test is only recommended based on the woman’s history such as previous surgeries and pelvic pain. Look for infertility treatment in Chennai for best results.